New protein discovered in Aging and Cancer

The organs and tissues in our bodies are formed by a vast number of cells, which altogether co-ordinate their actions for our body to function properly. However, a number of ‘abnormal’ cells have previously been found in tissues derived from old patients and at the initial stages of cancer.

These particular cells suffer a growth arrest termed ‘senescence’, which is thought to affect how the tissue functions. Senescent cells fail to proliferate, but they manage to communicate with their neighbouring cells, mainly through the release of inflammatory proteins.

The study, published in Cell Reports, describes a new way that senescent cells communicate, which is via the expression of integrin membrane proteins, including a protein called ‘integrin beta 3’ which is highly expressed during senescence.

Lead researcher Dr Ana O’Loghlen from QMUL’s Blizard Institute, said: “This is the first time that integrin beta 3 has been identified in the context of senescence and aging, and could be in the future a potential therapeutic target during early carcinogenesis and aging.

“This finding is particularly interesting, as there is actually a drug against integrin beta 3, called ‘cilengitide’, that averts one of the disadvantages of aging in our model — inflammation. It does this without increasing cell proliferation, which is an advantage, as an increase in cell proliferation imposes a risk for cancer.”

The study was performed using human primary fibroblasts and fibroblast cells derived from young and old human donors.

The researchers discovered how integrin beta 3 was regulated and the signaling mechanism it uses to transmit senescence to surrounding cells. They could also see that integrin beta 3 was ‘upregulated’ in a subset of tissue from mice, confirming the importance of their results in two different species.

The study was funded by the Medical Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.