A hawk’s-eye view of raptor hunting

Raptors such as hawks and eagles are visual predators, using their eyesight to navigate their environment and locate and capture prey. To do so, they alternate periods of rapid head or eye movement called saccades with periods where their vision is fixed on a specific point. By studying the mathematical distribution of intervals between saccades, Suzanne Amador Kane of Haverford College, Michael Ochs of The College of New Jersey, and their student collaborators determined that the head movements exhibited by hunting hawks are not regular and predictable; instead, hawks alter the patterns of their head movements based on environmental information, with the time between saccades changing as a bird detects a potential target. This stochastic decision-making strategy is similar to patterns seen in human search behavior.

To gather data, Kane and her colleagues examined archived videos of hunting raptors recorded from the ground, but they also got some hawk’s-eye footage with the help of Shinta the Northern Goshawk, a falconry bird raised in captivity. Wearing a head-mounted camera to record her head movements, Shinta hunted pheasants and rabbits under the supervision of her handler, Robert Musters. “Robert has been a phenomenal falconer to work with on several studies now,” says Kane. “He’s been extremely creative in designing the helmets used to hold the miniature video cameras, as well as expertly flying Shinta during the actual fieldwork.”

“Experienced falconers know that after removing the hood from a bird that is ready to hunt, it will exhibit very characteristic head movements. The really experienced falconer can even read their bird and predict when it is about to take off in pursuit of prey just by watching these head movements,” according to Graham Martin, a University of Birmingham professor and expert in raptor hunting behavior who was not involved with the study. “What cues is the falconer attending to? This work throws some very interesting light on this.”